Managing Across Cultures--Progress Report Assignment

Overseeing Across Cultures- - Progress Report - Assignment Example Another key estimation of Germans is compulsiveness. This advancement report gives a diagram of the qualities, qualities and generally culture of the two nations; so as to thoroughly analyze them. So as to accomplish this, two systems will be examined †Hofstede model and Trompennar’s model. The report will likewise feature the hierarchical culture, arrangement styles and parts of language. The way of life of the two nations can be dissected regarding Hofstede’s 6-Dimensions. The six element of culture as recommended by Hofstede incorporate force separation, independence, manliness, vulnerability shirking, sober mindedness and guilty pleasure (The Hofstede Center, 2014). These measurements contrast in various nations, prompting various qualities and convictions of various nations. This distinctions cause difficulties for exiles working in various nations. This social measurement communicates social mentalities towards disparities in the general public. Russia has a powerful separation of 93%, which implies that force is inaccessible in the general public (The Hofstede Center, 2014). There is a huge error between the less amazing and the more impressive. Exiles in this manner need to adjust to practices that reflect status jobs in business regions †including exchanges, collaboration and visits. Then again, Germany has a low force separation score of 35%. Authority is tested to give ability and results, and control is stayed away from. Exiles in Germany are in this manner allowed to rock the boat. This alludes to the degree of association among individuals from the general public. Russia has a low score as far as independence. This is reflected in their kinship esteem. Companions, family members and neighbors are constantly viewed as significant in challenges confronting individuals (The Hofstede Center, 2014). Then again, Germany is an exceptionally individualistic culture with Hofstede’s independence score of 67% (The Hofstede Center, 2014). Germans put stock in

Different Studies Define Organizational Commitment Commerce Essay Free Essays

This part gives the presentation of this proposal. First the foundation sing the exploration is talked about. It other than furnishes the significance of this overview with the activity treatment which will help the peruser comprehend the plan and research requests. We will compose a custom exposition test on Various Studies Define Organizational Commitment Commerce Essay or on the other hand any comparable theme just for you Request Now Presently yearss in associations, committedness has become extremely well known subject of inclusion. Responsibility is of import in association and each piece great as impact of a figure of business related factors. Diverse surveies characterize hierarchical committedness in any case like committedness focused on explicitly toward the association as a regulatory substance. The develop of authoritative committedness can be includes followerss. Our general public thunders and creates, the worker's committedness towards association turns out to be increasingly blurred and disintegrates. Presently twenty-four hours ‘s workers are going on it hard and hard for them to stay submitted inside the association. Various elements outcome representative committedness in any case. It incorporates certain committednesss to the chief, calling, businesss or calling. The build of hierarchical committedness can be separated into three unique sorts: Â · Affective committedness which alludes to representatives ‘ enthusiastic affectionate respect, assignment and commitment towards the association. Representatives with a solid committedness utilization to stay inside the association since they need to remain in the association. Â · Continuance committedness which alludes to workers ‘ evaluation ; implies the expense of go forthing the association is more noteworthy than the expenses of staying inside the association. From workers purpose of position the expenses of go forthing the association is more prominent than the expenses of staying with the association since they have to stay in the association since they do n’t hold some other pick while just staying in the association. Â · Normative committedness alludes to representatives ‘ sentiment of obligation ( duty ) to. Representatives ‘ committedness comprises of work committedness, hierarchical committedness and calling committedness. Hierarchical committedness can other than be characterized as worker ‘s commitment and his/her level of devotion, sincerity and certainty towards his/her association so as to achieve authoritative closures and points. 1.1 BACKGROUND In this segment Employee ‘s committedness in the media transmission industry of Pakistan is heading out to be talked about. In monetary segment Telecommunication is one of the of import financial divisions known to man monetary framework. It other than has some effect on our lives as people, on our anxiety in footings of productivity and effectivity and customer administration on the balance of each state ‘s battle as a beneficial monetary framework. On the different manus in concern condition, workers use to face figure of power per unit zones to execute blending to corporate standpoints. These sorts of power per unit territories are as often as possible made by amazingly competitory concern situations, conditions which can give continuous adjustment and inner update or even frightening working conditions for the representatives. 1.2 Telecommunication One of the majority of import monetary areas known to man is Telecommunication division. It other than majorly affects our lives as people, on our anxiety in footings of proficiency and effectivity and each state ‘s battle as a gainful financial framework. As of now Pakistan ‘s media communications ‘ industry contains five significant help providers that are ; Mobilink, Telenor, Ufone, Warid and Zong. 1.3.1 Mobilink Mobilink Pakistan is the most Cellular Company use to cases to hold 10 Millions Subscribers inside state wide. Mobilink was the first to build up cell web in Pakistan. They set up themselves as the major cell organization of Pakistan. Covering about each city of Pakistan. Mobilink is a huge organization that is the reason they are as yet costly as correlation with different organizations like Ufone and Warid Tele and so on. As greater part of individuals are using Mobilink administrations this is the ground why Mobilink is still bear bringing down high rates from individuals especially from those individuals who has a place with concern class and these individuals delay to trade to some other web to other cell organization. Mobilink has the biggest endorsers in Pakistan. They had other than begun GPRS administrations with Rs. 500/month of boundless use. Mobilink other than had begun administration of 3 companion and family unit figure with charges of just 2.2s/min still costly when contrasted with Warid and different networks. Mobilink has a decent sufficient base and a decent settled web. The Website of Mobilink is structured in a way that it gives the inclination to the clients like experts are sitting behind to pull off it. Everything is obviously depicted on the Website and it ‘s simple to run. Mobilink is a significant cell organization and it remains in first topographic point. The solitary disadvantage Mobilink is going up against that is it ‘s the call rates which are truly elevated ( costly ) . 1.3.2 Telenor Telenor works in around 13 markets universe wide and each on of those works finished for the Best Brand Awards for the twelvemonth 2007. The 2007 Telenor Brand Awards was given to Telenor of Pakistan. Official Vice President and caput of Global Coordination Ragnar Korsaeth, introduced the honor to Telenor Pakistan as he says, the victor of this Award 2007 for example Telenor, on the grounds that it has developed its exchange name inclinations fundamentally over its market partition. The organization has its most elevated customer ‘s level of fulfillment in amazingly competitory market. Telenor is a subordinate. It propelled its GSM Mobile administrations on fifteenth March 2005. 1.3.3 Ufone Ufone is a subordinate of PTCL and was set up to gracefully cell benefits across Pakistan. At present Ufone is providing quality administrations to its endorsers across Pakistan. Ufone has by and by let down its naming rates when contrasted with different networks. With the help of PTCL, Ufone ever offers quality types of assistance to its endorsers. GPRS administrations of Ufone are the best accessible in the market. They are ever purposeful and tune in to the occupations of their endorsers and work out them each piece right on time as could reasonably be expected. Ufone offers specific attributes like Internet Bill installment for the main clasp in Pakistan. They are ever a caput from different networks in providing quality administrations. The best trademark which is offered by Ufone is Web2SMS Chat Mobile financial compensation through SMS. Around 3 million endorsers are using Ufone web and it is as yet turning. Ufone is a standout amongst other cell organizations in Pakistan with reliable inclusion to more than 100 metropoliss. 1.3.4 Warid In Pakistan May 2005, Warid propelled it administrations and this Warid tel is worked by Abu Dhabi bunch which is driven by Sheik Nahyan Mabarak Al Nahayan. It has accomplished a milestone by building up its administrations to around 6,250 finishs, in Pakistan and spread trip its nature of administrations around 486 metropoliss. Warid telecom has some great qualities like low naming rates 30 unsweet charge. It is bettering its inclusion and expectations it will be improved as the organization develops. Significant draw dorsum it has a slowest GPRS administration. Warid to Warid call rates are cheap however especially at darks in some cases it has web occupied mix-ups other than that it works OK. Warid telecom is standing up to some present employments it should gracefully redresss for these activity so as to catch more market as their naming rates are guaranteeing. 1.3.5 Zong First International exchange name of China Mobil is propelled in Pakistan is Zong, so as to approve the individuals of Pakistan in each side of the state. The core segment of Zong is to let individuals to pass on openly, web inclusion. Zong is upheld by segment like land interference interchanges, inclination puting customer administration and an odd product offering which will reclassify guidelines of the game. Zong is a troublesome struggler to be at figure one topographic point. Zong offer its customer with entertainments and propelled administrations what's more approve them by giving a variety of stocks and administrations. 1.3 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY The plan of the overview is to occur out that to what certain degree does a few factors influences and address worker ‘s committedness towards an association and what sway it has on by and large representative's open introduction in the association. This depends on private divisions of telecom industry installed with the committedness of workers towards the association. 1.4 PROBLEM STATEMENT This overview is investigating the connection among step ining factors ( occupation fulfillment, genuineness, developing, incitements, working condition, conveying, approval, thought process and readiness ) and autonomous variable ( representative committedness ) and its belongings upon the dependant variable ( authoritative open introduction ) . It has been discovered after fundamental test that representatives are less dedicated inside the association because of holding less possession in their work, low occupation fulfillment, non bounty productive instigations, hapless workplace, inadequacy of developing and worker genuineness inside association and all different hapless worker fulfillment factors like insufficiency of arrangement, approval, thought process and hapless conveying process inside the association, which outcomes in high turnover rate in private part of telecom association. 1.5 OBSERVATION AND RESEARCH QUESTIONS It depends on high turnover rate in the telecom business along these lines the researched factors affecting the committedness of representatives and its outcome on associations. Other than to investigate and discover the connection between certain variab

Diagnosing Alcohol Use Disorder

Diagnosing Alcohol Use Disorder Addiction Alcohol Use Print Diagnosing Alcohol Use Disorder By Buddy T facebook twitter Buddy T is an anonymous writer and founding member of the Online Al-Anon Outreach Committee with decades of experience writing about alcoholism. Learn about our editorial policy Buddy T Updated on July 26, 2019 Image Source/Getty Images More in Addiction Alcohol Use Binge Drinking Withdrawal and Relapse Children of Alcoholics Drunk Driving Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery Do you want a drink so badly you cant think of anything else? Find out if you meet the latest criteria for an alcohol use disorder (AUD). Diagnosing AUD can be tricky since the diagnosis depends on the person doing the drinking being willing to honestly answer a series of questions about drinking patterns and attitudes. AUD is the medical term for alcohol abuse, like binge drinking, or it can be used to mean alcohol dependence, such as your body goes into withdrawal without alcohol. Alcohol dependence is alcoholism. Denial Makes Diagnosis More Difficult Getting an honest answer about alcohol use and its effects on your life can be a problem because a common symptom of alcoholism is denial. An old adage about alcoholism is its the only disease that denies it exists and resists treatment. If you cannot be honest about your drinking habits, it is difficult, if not impossible, to accurately diagnose an AUD.   A health care professional is unlikely to give an AUD diagnosis during routine visits because this condition is misdiagnosed more than 70 percent of the time. Sometimes it can be difficult to admit to a health professional about your drinking habits and patterns. There are many online alcohol screening tests you can take on your own if you are not ready to talk out loud about your drinking. Family and Friends See the Problem Long before a health care worker gives an AUD diagnosis, friends and family can usually recognize the problem. They may try to talk to you about the problem and encourage you to get help, but again, denial comes into play. Denial is so common in people with alcohol abuse problems that denial itself is a warning sign of alcoholism. A person who drinks a lot simply can not see or refuses to admit  that alcohol use is a problem. Diagnostic Tools for AUD There are many diagnostic tests health professionals use to screen for and evaluate drinking problems. To overcome denial, most health professionals do not ask direct questions about the number of drinks  but instead, ask questions about problems associated with drinking instead. Short, four-to-five question alcohol screening tests, such as the FAST test, are effective in the initial screening to detect AUD, while longer, more elaborate tests do a more in-depth evaluation and assessment. Alcohol Dependence Criteria According to the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, health professionals may give an AUD diagnosis if you meet two of 11 criteria within a 12-month period. Depending on the number of criteria you meet, your level of alcohol abuse or  alcohol dependence can be categorized as mild, moderate or severe. You drink more or longer than intendedYou want to stop or tried to modify your drinking habits more than once, but cannotYou spend a lot of your time drinking or being hungoverYou want a drink so badly that you can not concentrate on anything elseDrinking and being hungover has interfered with your responsibilities to your family, job, and homeYou continue to drink even though it causes trouble with family and friendsYou give up important and enjoyable activities in order to drinkYou get into situations after drinking, such as driving or walking in a high-crime neighborhood, which have increased your chances of injuring yourselfYou continue to drink even though it made you feel depressed, anxious, and/or blackoutYou need to drink more than you did before to get the same effectYou feel withdrawal symptoms, such as nausea and sweating?

Creative Writing My Life - 1063 Words

The morning was still our night, time was going in slow circles around us. Theres twenty of us all wearing the same dark blue shirt with the saying NYG 2016 stripping the sleeve we all crawl out the door our eyes drooping, backs slumped, legs moving like a baby preparing for walking. My hands fall and fingers go limp as I throw my arms to my side, we head out the door, leaving behind the place on high alert. With thousands of people passing through every day, many sleeping on the black seats that are in rows. Stores, and restaurants that were way overpriced, lined the walls like wallpaper. A consistent buzzing and shaking of the building happened for hours, but today it all halted, for a reason unknown to me. Together, we pass through†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"You can come†¦Ã¢â‚¬  One of the men waves Cindy over. â€Å"No..† The original man begins to raise his voice. All of the men gathered together, their voices begin getting louder, but to each other they all spoke in a dialect incomprehensible to us. Suddenly, Cindy steps in between the men that are arguing over who will get the money. â€Å"Look, it’s been one hell of a day, we left at 11 am, got on a plane at 6 pm, now we’re here talking to you, you probably don’t even know what I am saying, but you’re going to listen. Because I will not sit here at 3 am and let you try and tell me, or whatever it is you are doing, and not take all 20 of us to that very nice hotel, that this airport has provided. So you will take these vouchers, or I will go get someone who will! Tomorrow half of my kids are leaving and the other half is staying, my stress level is high and I need you to let me and all of us leave! ...Please.† Cindy talks this man’s head off she sniffles cleary holding back the tears of anger, stress, and sadness. All of us knew as soon as this happened that we all needed to be serious, we have never heard anything like this before. Each of us glued a straight face on, the busy street turned silent, the new day seemed to hide behind the twilight of the night. My hands begin to sweat. I never imagined this being my first moments in the lonestar state. The two pillars broke the silence that had been swept upon us all. They talked in a mocking voice, andShow MoreRelatedCreative Writing : My Life1474 Words   |  6 Pagesthat trap you. Toxic plotting cleared the air as the slow creak of the door echoed in the room. Mouths silenced and heads bowed in submission, they were playing the part, cautious and fearful. Hearts spoke prayers in hope of invisibility. From under my eyelashes I faintly distinguished the singed fringes of his tightly wound lace. Feet like anvils, glided across the glossed floor which contrasted with the ebony skinned boots. Thick at the soul and polished at the toes, they deceitfully drifting smoothlyRead MoreCreative Writing : My Life824 Words   |  4 Pagesof it is gone from my memory. My desk sat second in the column, the fifth and furthest row from the door. The movie Sybil wrapping up on the screen off to the side of me. We all sat in the general sleepy fog as the lights switched back on, putting the room back into normal academic mode. My eyes shot around the room, spending a second to scan all the cheesy teacher posters and quotes from Freud that hung on the walls. I yawned as my eyes zo ned out, hearing bits and pieces of my peers comment on theRead MoreCreative Writing : My Life771 Words   |  4 Pagesanother glimpse of this perfect human but my heart sinks as the slim figure is nowhere to be found. A firm finger taps my shoulder, turning to see who requests my attention I realise it’s the guy from across the room. â€Å"Hi i’m Tom†. A deep English voice fills my ears, his voice bringing me comfort and excitement. I feel small as I look up to introduce myself, â€Å"and you are?† he asks with his hand out waiting for my response. â€Å"Ahhhh Ari, I mean Aria, But all my friends call me Ari†. Its dark, but theRead MoreCreative Writing : My Life1380 Words   |  6 Pagesgreat time with my new friends. We spent some time walking around the mall, stopped for lunch, and headed back home. John wanted me to go back to his apartment, yet I felt too uncomfortable being alone with him in his domain. â€Å"Thank you, once again for taking me,† I say as I exit the car. â€Å"Thanks for coming out with us,† says Patsy. This time, I wait by the building door and wave them goodbye before heading inside. As I skip my way up the stairs, ready to tell Alice about my day, my phone shrillsRead MoreCreative Writing : My Life966 Words   |  4 Pagesin. Today was August 2005, and school was nearing a little bit faster than I had hoped. I was on the swing, reading one of my favorite books. The blue bird in the distance called out, and I slowly drifted into sleep. â€Å"Calla Andrews you better get your butt up!† Mom yelled to me. I jerked awake, opening my eyes to a tall figure. My entire family had brown eyes, except me. My little brother constantly reminded me of that difference, and sometimes asked if I was adopted. Mom had always laughed atRead MoreCreative Writing : My Life887 Words   |  4 Pagesright away, making my stomach turn. I continue to walk around the corner, feeling a slight pulse in my ears. â€Å" Have a seat here. â€Å" the officer points to the end stool near the white painted wall. I drag my feet as I walk to the sit stool that connects to the dividing wall, and face the glass. On the other side of the glass is a empty chair that will soon to be filled with many things. â€Å" Remember that I can hear your conversation. â€Å" the officer looked me cold into the eyes, I nodded my head and triedRead MoreCreative Writing : My Life900 Words   |  4 Pagesthe back doors. As my mom and I left the driveway I waved out the window to lucy- the landlord who has been our landlord since I was born. (14 years ago)- and I turned around, placing my headphones on my head. My mom (who was driving) rolled her eyes. â€Å"All teenagers do is listen to their music,† she said thinking I couldn’t hear her. â€Å"Actually, I am listening to a book, thank you very much,† I stated as I took off my head phones. I think I scared my mom. We giggled. I rested my head on the body ofRead MoreCreative Writing : My Life1325 Words   |  6 Pagesstood waiting for you in my apartment, staring out the black window. My reflection in the warm pale light, legs crossed, half-sat on the arm of the broken sleeper sofa, drinking a beer from the corner store up the street. The lamp on the end table next to me, the rest of the room mirrored behind. Taupe walls, dusty gray carpet, slow-spinning ceiling fan. The shine of the microwave in the kitchenette. Cabinets, sink, refrigerator. The high black table at the tile edge. My bed pushed up in the backRead MoreCreative Writing : My Life830 Words   |  4 PagesWhen lunch period came around, I stepped out of my previous classroom and started walking towards the cafeteria to look for Niall. I turned the corner stepping towards the cafeteria entrance when I feel a strong grip tug on my arm. I turn my head in time to see a closed door. I smell the faint cologne Ive grown to feel nervous around. What are you doing, Harry? I ask looking up at his face hidden in the shadows of his features. Howd you know it was me? He asks chuckling and pushing his curlsRead MoreCreative Writing : My Life1895 Words   |  8 Pagesâ€Å"Ms. Swan we have to stop meeting like this.† I’m sure my mouth is doing a perfect imitation of a fish as I stand staring at him. What is he doing here?! His jade eyes seem to almost shine in the evening light, his hair caught in the faint rays of sunlight left, a small smile on his face. What seems like a few hours later, but I’m sure is only a few seconds I finally respond. â€Å"Wh- What are you doing here Edward?† â€Å"Well†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He pauses. â€Å"I couldn’t stop thinking about you after we spoke this morning

Ibm A Major Innovator Of Computer And Computer Related...

Brandon Krueger 10/16/14 IT IBM has been a major innovator of computer and computer related products during this century and the last. Before IBM it was C-T-R. Herman Hollerith founded this Tabulating Machine Company in 1896. Hollerith received the first patents for his electric Tabulating Machine in 1889. In 1911 a man by the name of Charles F. Flint, a trust organizer, oversaw the merging of Herman Hollerith’s Tabulating Machine company and two other companies the Company scale Company of America and the International Time recording Company. The three companies merged into one company called Computing-Tabulating-Recording company or C-T-R. C-T-R sold many different products from cheese slicers to manufacturing and marketing accounting†¦show more content†¦In 1964 IBM developed system 360 a family of computers. This was the world first family of computers with software and hardware. IBM’s researcher Robert H. Dennard invented DRAM memory in 1966. DRAM was a new kind of memory chip for computers that helped get the ball rolling for the computer industry. This memory chip was the core of the computer industry and still effects today’s computer business. In 1980 IBM representatives met for the first time with Microsoft’s Bill Gates to talk about writing the operating system for the new computer that IBM was coming out with. This new personal computer was all hush-hush. IBM had already made a dent in the personal computer market with the IBM 1500, which was pretty successful. This new personal computer had an all-new operating system that was at the time top of the line. During my research I have realized that IBM has made a great global footprint in the technology industry. There are so many different things that I could tell you about the early success of IBM I couldn’t even write about all of it. IBM is a fascinating company that has over 100 years of history and there success is unheard of. Competing companies really have no chance because of the level of innovation and research that goes into their technology. Currently IBM’s chairman, president and chief executive officer is Virginia â€Å"Ginni† Rometty. Mrs. Rometty has a bachelors of Science degree with high honors inShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Research and Development Process4444 Words   |  18 Pagesthe private-sector to undertake the research of: - Medium and long-term applied research in development of generic, forward-looking, and advanced technologies; - Short-term research to improve processes and to develop new products according to industrial needs. Most reset projects will go through a trial mass production to ensure the feasibility of new industrial technologies and plans for strategic withdrawals upon project completion. The research results areRead MoreApple Inc Case Study851 Words   |  4 Pagesit’s Apple company through two aspects. From the company history perspective and the product industry perspective. On company history side: Apple was founded by two Steves. Apple board later fired Jobs and gradually went near bankruptcy. Till 1997, Apple brought back Jobs and became the most valuable company in the world in 2012. On the product industry side, Article dig into the field of personal computer with macintosh, mp3 industry with ipod, music industry with itunes, mobile industry withRead MoreLenovo- technology company1731 Words   |  7 Pageslargest technology company in the world, Lenovo had a humble beginning as a small Chinese firm founded in 1984. The company showed modest growth throughout the rest of the 20th century. It wasn’t until the company’s acquisition of IBM’s personal computer business in 2005 (Martin, 2014) that the company began to gain prominence in the technology industry. Lenovo’s innovation and strategic decision making has allowed the company to evolve on a global platform and enabled it to become one of the leadingRead MoreIntellectual Property and Computer Software: the Ongoing Controversy3100 Words   |  13 PagesIntellectual Property and Computer Software: the Ongoing Controversy Introduction Ever since the computer software industry began during the mid-1970’s with the personal computer revolution, using intellectual property rights (IPR) to protect software has been controversial. Presently, software can be protected using both copyright and patents. The issue of software patentability is particularly contentious. On one side there are the large, mainly U.S. based corporations, such as IBM, Microsoft and AppleRead MoreApple Inc. Company Analysis1848 Words   |  8 Pagesended September 24, 2016, shows that their net income has fluctuated over the years. In 2012, their net income was $156,508, 2013 was $170,910, 2014 was $182,795, 2015 was $233,715, and 2016 was $215,639. Finkle and Mallin (2010) states â€Å"the Apple Computer Company is arguably one of the most innovative technology companies to emerge in the last three decades and built Apple into a 32-billion-dollar company (p.31). However, Apple’s board of directors fired Jobs ten years after founding it in 1985. ThisRead MoreApple s Strategic Plan For The Personal Computer Industry2050 Words   |  9 PagesApple Inc, best known as Apple is an American based global company that designs and sells electronics, PCs and computer software. The company was established in 1976 by Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak and was incorporated in 1977. Some of the Apple’s best-known products are the Macintosh range of personal computers, iPod, iPhone, and iPad. 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A Scientific Solution to the Whaling Problem Free Essays

Science faces a dilemma when it comes to consider the breakdown of society in the face of technological advance. The situation is even more difficult when science takes the environmentalist stance and then finds itself in opposition to native culture, which it also wants to preserve. Anthropological studies have shown that many cultures around the world are integrally linked to whaling, both economically and culturally. We will write a custom essay sample on A Scientific Solution to the Whaling Problem or any similar topic only for you Order Now But now that whales are facing extinction, the scientific community must make a decision as to which is more worth preservation, native human cultures, or the population of whales. In my opinion, science should support the latter cause. It is an accepted tenet of modern life that technological advance breaks down old modes of social solidarity, and introduces new forms of connectedness. These new spheres of connection bypass locality and ethnicity, so that the tendency is towards a global culture and economy. What seems to be initially a cultural loss is not so, for culture is evolving in step with technology. However, the extinction of whales is a true and final loss. In 1999 the international whaling commission lifted its moratorium and allowed the Makah Indians of Washington State to hunt whales for the first time in 70 years. Charlotte Cote, a descendant of whaling Indians, enthuses over the decision, and describes how whaling has â€Å"reaffirmed their identity as a whaling people and providing a symbol for tribal resiliency, adaptability, and cultural survival† (2006, p. 177). However, Richard Caulfield, who has carried out extensive research into the whaling tribes of Greenland, opines that we cannot view these cultures in isolation, and these people have always retained links to mainland Europe. The recent speed of technological advance has only intensified these links. It is obligatory, therefore, that the remote whaling communities collaborate with the international community (Nuttall 1998, p. 831). The best role for the scientific community would, thus, be to effect a dialogue between the natives and the international body politic, while carrying out research from both points of view. How to cite A Scientific Solution to the Whaling Problem, Papers

King Lear Essays (512 words) - King Lear, British Films, Films

King Lear King Lear, in Shakespeare's tragic play, goes through drastic changes as a man, both father and king. He is forced to face the problems he causes when he turns over the kingdom to his two evil daughters Regan and Goneril. Lear's tragic flaw is his inability to see the true nature of people because of his pride and anger. This causes him to override his judgement. This is best shown when he disowns his most truthful and loyal daughter Cordelia. He much prefers his elder daughters Regan and Goneril because he liked their shameless flattering of him. He shows that he does not truly know his daughters, because he has never taken the time to. Lear will eventually lose his sanity, due to being mistreated by the two daughters to which he entrusted his entire kingdom. The King's loyal servant Kent, confronts the king about his decision to divide the kingdom between Regan and Goneril, and the banishing of Cordelia from the kingdom. Kent tries to make Lear see the error of his ways. Lear however is too stubborn and he in turn banishes Kent from the kingdom for questioning his authority. This shows Lear to be an egomaniacal power-hungry fool. The King moves in with Goneril and she tries to take away some of Lear's servants which infuriates him. He curses Goneril, and goes running to Regan. Lear is so blind to the fact that Regan and Goneril are conspiring against him, that he assumes that Regan will welcome him with open arms. When Lear finally does figure out that Regan shares the same feelings as Goneril, he is hesitant to confront her because he has nowhere left to go. Lear is rendered powerless when his daughters both attempt to reduce his servants to zero. Lear begins to go insane at this point. Lear begins to change after he goes mad. He starts to realize his par mistakes. Lear realizes he cannot control what is going on around him. He begins to acknowledge his wrongdoings. He contemplates things he has never had to think about before, such as shelter from the storm. The character Poor Tom probably has the greatest impact on Lear. Lear begins to become concerned with the homeless. Up until this point Lear has been as self-centered as a small child. He now begins to show compassion and a deeper understanding of those around him. When Lear finally meets up with Cordelia toward the end of the play, he begins to regain his sanity. He tries to bond with her, but it is too late. Cordelia will be hanged and die. Lear not fully realizes where he has gone wrong in his life. He is left heart-broken to die. In closing, I think that in Shakespeare's King Lear, Lear underwent major changes. He goes from being self-centered, egotistical, and power-hungry to being compassionate, generous, and self-aware. I do feel however that these changes came a little bit too late because by the time Lear had fully evolved he died. Shakespeare Essays

Essay On Of Mice And Men Essays - English-language Films, Films

Essay On Of Mice And Men Essays - English-language Films, Films Essay on "Of Mice and Men" In the novel Of Mice and Men, John Steinbeck uses stereotypes and discrimination to convey a message of how the characters feel. A lot of the stereotypes and clich?s are just common beliefs of the times, but a few are situational. To quote a quite distinguished reader, "Characters are ?trapped?- either by what others think of them, or by their situation." A lot of the character?s feelings about themselves and what others think of them will lead to loneliness. Crooks is a character who is mistreated in many ways because he is black. Crooks is the stable buck of the barn. It?s not certain whether Crooks is his name, or his nickname, but we know he got kicked in the back by a horse and had a crooked back ever since. Nevertheless he gets yelled at by the boss every time something?s wrong. " ?The boss gives him hell when he?s mad. But the stable buck don?t give a damn about that,? " says Candy, p.32. Crooks also isn?t allowed in the bunk houses because people say he stinks. Crooks talks with Lennie in the book, "Crooks laughed again. ?A guy can talk to you an? be sure you won?t go blabbin?." p.78. This most likely makes Crooks feel not wanted at all, Which roots to loneliness. Lennie is not so much stereotyped, but rather trapped because of his size. Because Lennie is so big, Curley thinks he has to prove something by beating up Lennie. Lennie gets on Curley?s bad side when he didn?t do anything wrong. Lennie is then forced to fight. " ?I don?t want no trouble,? he said plaintively. ?Don?t let him sock me, George.? " p.32. This is not an everyday discrimination like racism. It?s one of those circumstantial incidents that was described in quote in the introduction. This is an excellent example of how John Steinbeck uses extraordinary circumstances to create appeal and realism to the reader. Curley?s wife is probably the most loathed on the ranch. Because of the way she looks and acts, people think she is easy, or a "tart". " ?Jesus, what a tramp,? he said. ?So that?s what Curley picks for a wife.? " said George, p.35. She just wants someone to talk to. Guys on the ranch don?t like her because they think she?ll get them in trouble. They make judgments without getting to know her first. Curley, her husband, doesn?t trust her with the other ranch hands. She was just out of place on that ranch, And because of that, must have been a real lonely person with lonely feelings. George is stereotyped in a mild, but serious way. People think that because of the way he keeps Lennie out of trouble and travels with him, George is taking his pay from him. " ?Say?what you sellin ?Huh I said what stake you got in this guy? You takin? his pay away from him " said the Boss in the beginning of the book, p.25. This is another unusual stereotype. Because it seems like nothing, the reader doesn?t get it unless they think about it. It sounds like no big deal at first, but to be called a liar and a cheat is a very heavy feeling to bear. Stereotypes make up a lot of this novel. If someone took out the stereotypical statements, the symbolism and "the dream", what they?d have left are page numbers. Grade Received on Report : 96%

60 Easy Oxymoron Examples + Analysis

60 Easy Oxymoron Examples + Analysis SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Despite what it might sound like, no- an oxymoron isn’t something you can call your little brother when he’s bugging you.Rather, an oxymoron is a coolliterary device you can use in your creative writing. We’ll go over exactly what an oxymoron isand then show you four oxymoron examples from pop culture and literature. We’ll also provide you with an extensive list of oxymoronsso you can get a better feel for what oxymorons look and sound like. What Is an Oxymoron? An oxymoron is a figure of speech that combines two seemingly contradictory or opposite ideas to create a certain rhetorical or poetic effect and reveal a deeper truth. Generally, the ideas will come astwo separate words placed side by side. The most common type of oxymoron is an adjective followed by a noun. One oxymoron example is "deafening silence," which describes a silence that is so overpowering it almost feels deafening, or extremely loud- just as an actual sound would. Oxymorons are often used in everyday conversation and ina breadth of writing, such as literature, poetry, and songwriting. You might’ve heard of another literary device called the paradox, which is similar but not identical to the oxymoron. While an oxymoron is the combination of two contradictory/opposite words in a single sentence, a paradox is an entire phrase/sentence that appears contradictory but, upon further investigation, could be true or plausible. One of the most famous examples of a paradox is thesentence, "This statement is false." If this statement is indeed false as it says, then this would actually make it true. But if the statement is true, then it can’t be false, despite the fact it claims to be! Now, don't let your brain start to hurt just yet- up next, we take a look at oxymoron examples in sentences from literature and pop culture. 4 Oxymoron Examples + Analysis Now that we’ve gone over what an oxymoron is, let’s take a closer look at four famous oxymoron examples in sentences to better understand how this literary device actually works. Note: All bold emphasis in the following quotations is my own. Oxymoron Example 1 Good night, good night! Parting is such sweet sorrowThat I shall say good night till it be morrow. - William Shakespeare,Romeo and Juliet This famous quotation from Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet contains an equally famous oxymoron. In this scene, Juliet utters the phrase "sweet sorrow" to describe the feeling she has when having to say goodbye to Romeo. Althoughthe adjective "sweet" evokes a giddy, romantic emotion, the word "sorrow" callsto mind the much less happy, far more depressing aspect of having tobid farewell to someone you'd rather not leave. Thus, as the oxymoron suggests, this scene ishappy since Juliet and Romeo are in love, yet it's also sad because they must say goodbyeand cannot stay together through the night. Oxymoron Example 2 I have passed with a nod of the headOr polite meaningless words,Or have lingered awhile and saidPolite meaningless words,And thought before I had doneOf a mocking tale or a gibeTo please a companionAround the fire at the club,Being certain that they and IBut lived where motley is worn:All changed, changed utterly:A terrible beauty is born. - William Butler Yeats, "Easter 1916" This excerpt from Irish poet William Butler Yeats’ famous poem "Easter 1916" has the prominent oxymoron "terrible beauty," which is repeated again at the end of the poem. The main topic of this poem is the 1916 Easter Rising in Dublin, an event during whichnumerous Irish nationalists rebelled against the British government in Ireland. The violent display ultimately led to thousands of deaths and injuries. Despite the "terrible" things that happened and the many lives lost, Yeats uses the term "beauty" to bring attention to the positive ideals of independence that gained ground as a result of this event:thisdesire for self-government is what spurred the Irish War of Independence just a few years later. In this sense, theuprising was simultaneously terrible (in that it led to death) and beautiful (in its romantic aspirations for independence). This next oxymoron example is about Queen Guinevere and Sir Lancelot's tragic love affair. Oxymoron Example 3 And peradventure had he seen her firstShe might have made this and that other worldAnother world for the sick man; but nowThe shackles of an old love straitened him,His honour rooted in dishonour stood,And faith unfaithful kept him falsely true. - Alfred, Lord Tennyson, "Lancelot and Elaine" inIdylls of the King This stanza, from Lord Tennyson’s retelling of the tale of King Arthur, usesseveral oxymorons for poetic effect and as a way to emphasize the conundrum that Lancelot, Arthur’s most loyal knight and friend, finds himself in. Theoxymorons here point toLancelot's contradictory existence in regard to his relationships with both Guinevere and King Arthur: Lancelot isa "faithful" and "honorable" lover to Guinevere yet also an "unfaithful" and "dishonorable" knight to King Arthur, Guinevere’s husband, whom he is essentially betraying by carrying out a love affair with the queen. Oxymoron Example 4 'Cause all of meLoves all of youLove your curves and all your edgesAll your perfect imperfectionsGive your all to meI'll give my all to youYou're my end and my beginningEven when I lose I'm winning - John Legend, "All of Me" These lines come from the hit 2013 song "All of Me" recorded by John Legend. The lyrics of this powerful piano ballad make use of several oxymorons. With the first oxymoron,"perfect imperfections," the speaker is making it clear that his lover’s flaws are ultimately what make her the perfect partner for him.The other two oxymorons emphasize the fact that no matter what happens- for example,no matter how sad or defeated the speaker might feel- there willalways be a silver lining in that he'swith the love of his life. List of 50+ Oxymorons You Can Use Below, we provide you with an extensive list of oxymorons. These 50+ oxymoron examples are listed alphabetically and arranged by category (i.e., the type of oxymoron word combination). Feel free to look throughthis vast list of oxymoron examplesif you’re in need of an oxymoron for something you're writing or if you simply want tolearn some of the most commonones. Single-Word Compound-Word Oxymorons Bittersweet Frenemy (friend + enemy) Love-hate Adjective + Noun Bigger/larger half Controlled chaos Crash landing Cruel kindness Deafening silence Definite possibility Deliberate mistake Even odds Exact estimate Fine mess Foolish wisdom Friendly fire Friendly foe Hateful love Heavy lightness Honest thief Living dead Loud whisper Loving hate Old news Open secret Organized chaos Original copy Peaceful war Perfect imperfections Random order Same difference Silent scream Sweet misery Sweet sorrow Terrible beauty True lies True myth Unbiased opinion Virtuous lie Wakeful sleep Walking dead Working holiday/vacation Adverb + Adjective/Adverb Alone together Awfully good Definitely undecided Falsely true Painfully beautiful Perfectly imperfect Seriously funny Strangely familiar Strangely normal Terribly good Truly false Miscellaneous Act naturally Agree to disagree Kill with kindness Make haste slowly What’s Next? Want to learn more about figures of speech, besides oxymorons and paradoxes? Then check out our in-depth guide to the 31 literary devices you must know. Oxymorons are an excellent, thought-provoking tool to use in writing, but they're certainly not the only device you should work with. Learn all about effective imageryandwhat personification is with our expert guides. Preparing totake the AP Literature test?Thenyou'll need to knowwhat to expect on exam day, including what kinds of questions you'll be asked and how much time you'll have.

Epidemiology of Childhood Obesity Research Paper

Epidemiology of Childhood Obesity - Research Paper Example In epidemiology, there are certain steps done systematically to successfully cure diseases (Page, Cole & Timmreck, 1995). The first step is to identify the problem, or the disease, then make a community or a population assessment by determining whether there are actual or potential health problems present. In this step, questions such as which among the population is the least or the most susceptible is determined. By performing demographic profiling, it can determine the percentage of individuals affected, and can be a reliable indicator of the overall health of the population (Yarnell, 2007). This step is followed by the determination of the causes of the disease. After having a conclusion as to how an ailment affects individuals, epidemiologists give out information on what the disease is, as well as causes, effects and prevention methods. The last step would be on the hands of an individual and his or her personal decisions after being informed about a certain disease. The person can choose whether to do actions that could prevent the onset of the disease or just do nothing to prevent it (Page et al., 1995). Diseases can be studied either by the number of affected individuals in a given population (quantitative epidemiology) or by studying the causes and effects of the disease in the affected individuals (qualitative epidemiology), which are both important in determining risk factors (Yarnell, 2007). In order to search for the causes of diseases, a model is used in determining those factors. Figure 1. The Epidemiology Triangle The epidemiology triangle is a traditional model used in determining the causes of diseases (Page et al., 1995). The vertices consist of the host, or the carrier of the disease, the agent or the cause of the disease, and the environment where the host and the agent are brought together (ibid.). Another part of the triangle is TIME, or the incubation period before a disease becomes full blown (Merril & Timmreck, 2006). After all compon ents of the formation of the disease are identified properly, epidemiologists break the legs of the triangle, disrupting the connections between environment, host and agent in order to prevent the outbreak of the disease and prevent it from spreading. However, in non-infectious diseases this triangle model is not always reliable due to some particular components that are not easily classifiable whether they are agents or environmental (Page et al., 1995). This paper would be tackling the growing epidemic of childhood obesity, and attempt to create a disease model as well as to list the steps in its prevention, focusing on presentation of qualitative obesity epidemiology. Definition of Obesity Body mass index or BMI is used to determine whether a person’s weight is below normal, normal, or above normal, which can be overweight, obese or morbidly obese (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 2011). A percentage of at least 25-30% fat in the body can consider a child as fat (Williams et al., 1992). BMI that is 25 up to 29.9 is overweight, and beyond that is considered obese. Being obese, or obesity is defined as an excessive or abnormal accumulation of fat that presents various risks to health (WHO, n.d.). Problems that can arise from excessive fat include high blood pressure and cholesterol, increased impaired glucose tolerance, type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance, breathing

The impact of the removal of DRA on the management of Human Resources Dissertation

The impact of the removal of DRA on the management of Human Resources in Organisations - Dissertation Example Presentation and description of data shall be done by complying results from core aspects of the questionnaire. The results shall be presented quantitatively by the use of tables and charts to organize data collected. After this, the researcher shall draw on the flow of information received in the data analysis to build three major themes in relation to the research problem. Finally, the researcher shall discuss and interpret data by grouping the data presented into three to correspond to the themes. The discussion and interpretation shall be done qualitatively by drawing subjective conclusions based on concerns and theories raised by various authors and researchers in the literature review. 4.1 PRESENTATION AND DESCRIPTION OF DATA Based on the purpose of the study and research questions raised by the researcher, responses on six key questions from the questionnaire have been presented and described in this section. Answers to these questions are useful in find out factors that have accounted for the scraping of the DRA, the merits and de-merits that are likely to be associated with the scraping of the DRA, and measures that are needed to be put in place to ensure that the policy of scraping the DRA useful. 4.1.1 What is your level of preference for being served by older people aged 55-65 in organisations? The researcher sought to know how well respondents preferred the serviced of older people aged 55-65 in organisations. This question was to draw an inference on the usefulness of older people in organisations and find out their contribution to the development and daily running of various organisations. The table below presents respondents’ level of preference for being served by older people Table 4.1 Preference for being served by Older People Preference Level Number of Respondents Percentage Very much preferred 3 15 Preferred 2 10 Not preferred 9 45 Not preferred at all 6 30 Total 20 100 From table 4.1, it can be seen that out of the twenty (20) resp ondents, 15% of them had a high level of preference for being served by older people. 10% of respondents preferred to be served by older people but did not esteem that so much. 45% of respondents did not prefer being served by older people whereas 30% did wished they were never served by older people. The respondents who were aged between 18 and 70 said their preferences were informed by factors as such as working experience, worker ethics and approachability. 4.1.2 Do you support the scraping of DRA? This component of the questionnaire was a build up to the question asked in 4.1.1. In simple terms, the researcher wanted to find out from respondents whether or not they supported the policy of scraping the DRA to enable people to work in organisations till they themselves felt the need to drop. Out of the twenty (20) people who responded to the questionnaire, thirteen (13) of them answered ‘No’ to the question whether or not the DRA should be scrapped. This means thirtee n (13) respondents wanted employees to retire at age 65. Seven (7) respondents answered ‘Yes’ meaning they wanted employees to work after age 65. Proportionally, If 20 respondents represent 360Â °, 13 respondents = 7 x 360 20 = 234Â ° representing ‘No’ On the other hand If 20 respondents

Influence of Darwins theory on modern psychology

Influence of Darwins theory on modern psychology Charles Darwin was a British scientist, who coins the concept of evolution and geological observation. Charles Darwin was greatly inspired by geologist Adam Sedgwick and Reverent/ naturalist John Henslow. Both mean played a major role in the development of his theory. Darwin draws his ideas from those who believed that the sacred book was and extract of world and humans. His work was of great influence on life and development of natural science and psychological thoughts. Darwins career gave him the opportunity to observed various geological structure around the globe as well as living species .This experience have enhance his intellectual thought and prospective of the earths surface. However Angell (2007) states that Darwinism has never been a really vital issues in psychology (The influence of Darwin on psychology). Darwins theory of evolution has been disparaged by the theologians, biologist and even the psychologist. The heavy criticism came in the light of his book origin of species. Biologist wangled that Darwin could not Thomas Malthus was a British economist, who wrote numerous articles about population growth. Malthus theorizes that the availability of food cannot be compared to the geometrical rate of population growth. Thus, overpopulation constantly leads to unending forces of hunger, virulent disease and poverty. The instinctive struggle for survival arrested Darwin attention; as a result, he used Malthuss approach to the theory of evolution. (How did Thomas Malthus influence Charles Darwin?). Darwin theory of evolution is essential, because the food supply issues describe by Thomas Malthus, gave young species the opportunity to complete for their survival. The survival of the fittest would then provide; the future generation with the favourable variation of their heredity. Therefore, each generation would improve adoptively throughout the ages and this attempt would gradual succeed in the development of evolutionary species. This approach was added to Darwin scheme of natural selection, thus h e proposed that all species are related to one common ancestor known as the real eve. Moreover, he offered extra support for the core concept that earth itself is not motionless but evolving .Darwin believed that some of the instinct used in Malthus struggle of survival would invigorate the survival scheme. Throughout his research, Darwin concluded that this ongoing struggle between those more and less fit to survive would produce a never ending progression of change in the organism (How did Thomas Malthus influence Charles Darwin?). Darwin used the ideas of many scholars to develop his theory. He strongly believed that population growth remain pending until existing natural resources becomes stabilized. Thomas Malthus was ordained minister of the gospel, who believed that starvation and illnesses were employed by God to prevent populations growth. He further mentions that lacking these positive checks the population would explode rapidly .Malthus saw life as a divine inspiration that assign men to work fervently. In addition, Malthus dislike most of the statement used by the early philosophers, he believed that human problems can be resolve through the social engineering network. Most of the philosophers, who Malthus dislikes, use his essay as guide to coin their theory (How did Thomas Malthus influence Charles Darwin?). Alfred Russell Wallace Alfred Russell Wallace was the first British naturalist, who coined the term evolution, due to his natural selection. It was his proposal that Darwin use to formulate his theory. Wallaces theory was publicized at the same time of that of Charles Darwin. According to historians, Wallace and Darwin worked independently, yet uninformed about each others research. Both men shared the same perceptiveness about biological mechanism, in which species gradually change to meet the criteria of their environment. During this era, most persons strongly believed that all species were irreversible merchandise of divine creation (Alfred Russel Wallace biography). Evolution is the process by which transformation occur though enormous diversity of the living species. Studies have shown that all living species have descended from one common ancestor in the past. Wallace philosophy of spiritualism was vast different to those of Charles Darwin thesis of human minds. Darwin saw humans as highly evolved organisms; Wallace believed that the human mind was inspired by something outside evolution and that the human spirit could continue to progress after death (Rocky road: Alfred Russel Wallace). At first Wallace believed that the duties executed by men would normal amend with the current time. However, as time progress, he changes his verdict. He maintained that the entire universe was fashioned by human being, just that we are considered a little lower than angels. As young man, though, he thought differently. In one passage about the King Bird of Paradise, Wallace both marvelled at the existence of such amazing creatures that had so seldom been seen by people, and made a prescient observation about humanitys impact on nature (Rocky road: Alfred Russel Wallace). Herbert Spencer Herbert Spencer was the first sociologist in Derby England. Herbert defined sociology as the study of societal evolution and believed that the ultimate goal of societal evolution is complete harmony and happiness (Evolutionary theory, 2004 p. 434). Spencer embraced Charles Darwin theory of natural selection, after he publishes the book origins of species. Spencer was considered an influential supporter of social Darwinism, and subfield of Darwin hypothesis of human societies. Spencer coined the term survival of the fittest to describe the contest between individuals and groups. He theorized that wealth and power are signs of intrinsic fitness, while poverty is considered as evidence of low standard (Evolutionary theory, 2004 p. 434). Spencer concept of adaption permits him to declare that the rich and powerful are capable to adopt the social and economic means of the current time, while the concept of natural selection allows him to argue that it is normal for the rich to progress at the works of the poor. After all, it is an issue of everyday life. In some case Social Darwinist argue that it is inappropriate to assist those who are weak than oneself, since it will promote survival of someone who is inapt Spencer had many very extreme political views and grew to despise government programs that were aimed to help the poor. In the end it was his harsh views on politics that held his ideas back from being accepted right away. Spencer was like Darwin in some ways, but when it came down to the theory of evolution, Spencer took it one step further than Darwin by saying that it involved much more that just biology (Herbert spencer). Charles Lyell Charles Lyell was a well-known geologist and uniformitarian supporter during the mid 19 century. Being a firm believer of uniformitarian (All about Science) he coined the term uniformitarianism. Lyell supported his hypothesis base on geological observation that the made during his visits to Europe and North American. This theory asserts that the same biological process that operates in the past continues to do so in the same way and with the same gradual force. According to Encarta dictionary catastrophism is the process by which the natal description of earth surfaces was structure by a series of impetuous violent, rather than gradual evolutionary theory. This approach have seen a large extinct of animals and plants. An example of this theory is Noahs flood. During the flood, everything was wiped away except those that were taken into the ark. The catastrophist believed that all species created are irreversible. However, the catastrophist perception was opposed by Sir Charles Lyell in his book principles of geology. Lyell mention in his book, that earths surface is constantly undergoing changes, as a result of the unvarying operation of natural forces. As time progress, Darwin found himself apt to Lyells viewpoint. However, He soon realized that some of his examination of living plants and creature posed great doubt to those of Lyell. Lyell maintained that species were created differently. He further mentions that the remains of extinct species resemble those of living species in the same geographical area (The influence of Darwin on psychology). Although, he had difficulty accepting his own philosophy, his work found favour in the eyes of Charles Darwin (All about Science). Moreover, his works found a source of believe some billions years ago. However, Darwin theory of evolution, did not propose any time frame until he em brace Lyell old earth theories (All about Science). Most scientists accepted Lyell theory because it provides rational explanation and details. Yet those explanation were considered evidence, and even today scientist used Lyell geological explanation with no major questioning. Darwin accepted Lyell work hold heartedly, because it gives him a clear instinct of his beliefs. At one point Lyell retaliated against the theory of geology, because he believed that theory depicts a biased and construal setting of the scripture Genesis (Sir Charles Lyell). Alfred Binet Alfred Binet was French psychology, who was known for success in intelligent testing. In the 1889 Binet discovered the first psychological research laboratory in France. As director of the laboratory, he attempted to develop experimental technique that would measure rational thinking and intelligence. During the 1900s the French government (History of intelligence testing) contacted Binet, seeking his help to develop a theory that would differentiate the difference between mental incompetence and mental stability. As result the said government pass an amendment bill that requires the present of all children in school. Hence the reason was to identify their specialities and to group them according to their learning abilities. With the help of his co-worker, psychologist Theodore Simon, he was able to devise a test that would measure the mental capacity of children. This approach was known as the Binet-Simon scale. After the development of the Binet-Simon scale, the test was soon brought to the United States where it generated considerable interest (History of intelligence testing). Lewis Terman a psychologist at the standard university used Alfred Binet testing to conduct his own survey, the outcome of his finding was known as Stanford-Binet intelligent scale, soon after it was initially change to standard intelligent testing. The Stanford-Binet intelligent testing is conducted by trained professionals, who known how to administered the examination and secure the answers. The method designed to compute the IQ score is dividing mental age by the actual chronological age of the individual taking the examination and then multiply it by 100. For example if an 8year old scores a mental age of 12 her IQ given to her would be 150i;e 1Q of 150(8/12x 100). Although this initiative is accurate in children it does not compute will for adults. Intelligent testing Sir Francis Galton Francis Galton was a British Scientist, who laid the foundation of eugenics. He was also related to Charles Darwin. As result he was the first to acknowledge Darwins evolutionary theory, after he read the book the origins of species. Galton soon became interested in heredity and the measurement of humans; He collected various statistical data on height, dimensions and other characteristics of human beings. Base on quantitative studies of prominent individuals and their family trees, he concluded that intellectual ability is inherited in much the same way as physicals traits and he later published his finding in heredity (Sir Francis Galton). Galton strongly believed that the nature of intelligence have led him to inspire the thoughts, that society should encourage the upper class to replenish the earth , while the lower class refrain from doing so. During the mid 19 century eugenics was seen considered social Darwinism. Social Darwinism entails the struggle for existence and survival of the fittest. When applied to humanity it simply suggest the rich are wealthy off than the poor, and more successful in life. The controversy between the rich and poor permits the continual development of the species in orderly and timely manner, thus contributing to better society. Galton conduct a further probe to investigate the difference between the effects of heredity and those of environment ( Sir Francis Galton ). Base on his finding he was able to detect how education and environmental factors influence our mental ability. Galton continues to recognize heredity as prominent influence, regardless of his finding. Galton was among the first scientist to study twins, who had been separated from each other as means offering insight into the nature -nurture controversy (Sir Francis Galton). They contribution made by Galton provides valuable so urce for both psychologist and educators.

Negative Consumer Behavior Essay

To fully understand what negative consumer behavior is and what makes a bad customer, we first have to understand what â€Å"consumer behavior† is. In their book, â€Å"Consumer Behavior: Concepts and Strategies,† Berkman and Gilson (1981) say that the American Cultural System, which is made of values and artifacts, strongly influences consumer activity in the United States. â€Å"In the twentieth century, American Culture reflected a distinct consumption ethic based upon affluence and gratification of desires through material acquisition† (Berkman and Gilson, 1981). Consumer Behavior is defined as â€Å"the activities of people engaged in actual or potential use of market items-whether products, services, retail environments, or ideas† (Berkman and Gilson, 1981). Thus, there are unlimited types of behaviors that the consumers can exhibit making it difficult to distinguish between good and bad consumer behavior. Sometimes, a consumer behavior that maybe considered negative in one market place can be considered positive in another. Shoplifting for example. â€Å"Some 800,000 times a day, this tableau of temptation, fear and exhilaration plays out in the humdrum aisles of department stores and supermarkets† (Adler, 2002). Shoplifting without a doubt is a type of negative consumer behavior since this behavior costs department stores and supermarket thousands of dollars every day. Yet in the February 25, 2002 â€Å"Newsweek† article written by Jerry Adler, Brandy Samson, the manager of a jewelry and accessories store in the Sherman Oaks California Fashion Square, sees shoplifting in a positive way by using it to understand what it is that the consumers want. She continued to say â€Å"We know what’s hot among teens by seeing what they steal† (Adler, 2002). Though shoplifting has negative effects for one type of market it is a positive consumer behavior in another like the security and protection market. The rise in shoplifting incidents will lead storeowners to increase their spending on security devices like cameras and sensor tags for clothing. Kelly Barron, the author of the article â€Å"Your money or your life? Crime rates are down. Are Americans overspending for security?† says that  even though crime rates have been decreasing over the past years, revenues in the security business are on the rise. â€Å"Americans keep buying more and more protection. Revenues for the security industry have risen 46% over the past five years, to an estimated $57 billion† (Barron, 1997). The vast increase of credit card use has given birth to yet another type of this complex consumer behavior that can be categorized as the compulsive buyers. In their study, James A. Roberts and Eli Jones, say that â€Å"the consumer culture is defined as a culture in which the majority of consumers avidly desire, pursue, consume, and display goods and services that are valued for non-utilitarian reasons, such as status (power), envy provocation, and pleasure seeking† (2001). Such behavior has both positive and negative outcomes. In one hand, the rise of consumer spending increases revenues for certain goods and services. In the other hand, the same behavior increases debt. â€Å"For the first three month of 1999, consumer spending increased at an annualized rate of 6.7 percent. Purchases of durable goods, non-durable goods, and services all registered healthy gains. During the same period, savings reached an all-time low of -0.5 percent† (Roberts and Jones, 2001). Roberts and Jones noted in their study that past research shows that credit cards facilitate spending and that college students were found to spend more at a given store if the store accepted credit cards as a mode of payment. It was also noted that such compulsive buying activities was a significant reason for the large number of credit card debt and personal bankruptcy filings. Roberts and Jones acknowledge that earlier studies have found that students with high debt earn lower grades, and have higher probabilities of dropping out of school. You would think that educational organizations would limit the access of credit card vendors into a college campus. However, what is happening is exactly the opposite. â€Å"Four of five universities allow on-campus solicitations for credit cards and charge credit card vendors between $175 to $400 per day to rent tables during freshman orientation. Schools also receive a percentage of all student charges when they authorize the issuance of an affinity card† (Roberts and Jones, 2001). So is compulsive buying behavior negative or positive? There are however some consumer behaviors that are easy to distinguish from being negative or positive. The abusive customer for example, is a type of consumer that is never satisfied that induces high amounts of stress on the employees. Those who have worked in retail and customer service have probably dealt with such consumers. Working in a clothing store has given me the opportunity to experience the stress created by dealing with the so-called â€Å"abusive customers.† This negative behavior creates a conflict between customer satisfaction and employee satisfaction. â€Å"The consumer satisfaction category has the main position in marketing theory and is based on the premise that the profit is made through the process of satisfaction of consumers’ demands†¦researchers continually confirm a significant correlation between satisfaction and repeated buying, greater brand loyalty, and spreading a positive opinion of the product† (Dubrovski, 2001). Customer is indeed important to the success of a business, but so is employee satisfaction. See the problem when it comes to dealing with abusive customers? The face-to-face interactions with abusive customers cause employees to increase their â€Å"emotional labor† which is also known as emotional dissonance. â€Å"Emotional dissonance occurs when expressed emotions conform with organizational norms but clash with true feelings† (Rafaeli and Sutton, 1987). In her study on emotional dissonance, Rebecca Abraham establishes that emotional dissonance provokes unhappiness at a job, which motivates the intentions to quit. At my former job, a clothing store, I was able to observe high employee turnover rates due to job dissatisfaction. Not a day passed by without a single interaction with an abusive customer. I wouldn’t doubt that the high volume of such interactions lead to the high employee turnover. This particular store did nothing to decrease the high employee turnover, probably costing them hundreds of dollars. When does employee satisfaction become more important than customer satisfaction? Abusive customers, no matter what they spend and no matter how high their lifetime value is, are expressing negative consumer behavior. This particular clothing store that I used as an example should evaluate or re-examine their values because in the  end nobody will want to work for them. Exhibiting negative consumer behavior in one type of market may result in a positive outcome in another market. Some types of consumer behaviors are so complex that it is extremely difficult to distinguish it from being a positive or negative behavior. It depends on what side of the market the specific business is. In this paper I illustrated for the most part a few of these complex consumer behaviors. However, there are some consumer behaviors that a business owner might be better off with. In the retail business there are some customers that take a great deal of time in deciding what it is that they want to purchase. If you are a storeowner, you might want to have your employees spend less time pleasing these types of customers. After all time is money. The welfare and satisfaction of employees should also be a great concern for the employers. I believe that the more satisfied an employee is with their job, the better they will perform at it. Thus, it is important to protect employees from abusive customers. I can recall a time when a customer became extremely angry when we did not have a specific item in the size he was looking for. There was nothing that I could do but to deal with the costumer’s mistreatment. The types of negative consumer behavior are immense that some are hard to even conceptualize. Such behaviors range from lack of spending, usually expressed by the elderly, to theft and overspending. Future research should examine these activities. Bibliography Abraham, Rebecca. The impact of emotional dissonance on organizational commitment and intention to turnover. Journal of Psychology v133, n4 (July, 1999): 441. Adler, Jerry. The â€Å"Thrill† of Theft: it’s not just the movie stars. Why, each year, ordinary people shoplift $13 billion of lipsticks, batteries and bikinis from stores. Newsweek (Feb. 25, 2002): 52. Barron, Kelly. Your money or your life? Crime rates are down. Are Americans overspending for security? Forbes v160 (November 17, 1997): 66. Berkman, Harold W; Gilson, Christopher. Consumer Behavior: concepts and strategies. Kent Publishing Company. Boston 1981. Dubrovki, Drago. The role of customer satisfaction in achieving business excellence. Total Quality Management. (December 2001): 920 Rafaeli, A.; Sutton, R. Expression of emotion as part of the work role. Academy of Management Review. (1987): 12, 23-37. Roberts, James A; Jones, Eli. Money attitudes, credit card use, and compulsive buying among American college students. Journal of Consumer Affairs, Winter 2001, 35(2): 213-240.

The Air Test And Evaluation Squadron One Military...

Within the Air Test and Evaluation Squadron One military organization, segments of the squadron come together and perform various tasks to support and fly aircraft to meet the organizational goal of operational test and development. In accomplishing this goal, the squadron incurs joint costs when people from multiple departments travel across the globe to perform mission objectives (Hicks, 2010). The squadron travel budgets are smaller ceiling appropriation allocations of the larger National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) authorized by Congress and the budget division ensures financial resources are spent wisely during each fiscal year (October 1 through September 30) or operating period (Hicks, 2010). The travel division monitors spending on 23 funding lines totaling $1.17 million where each funding line, referred to as different colors of money, is obligated for a specific travel appropriation or purpose. 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The Young Adult Fiction Feed By. Anderson - 1682 Words

The young adult fiction Feed by M.T. Anderson portrays a suburban dystopia where people’s life is manipulated by an embedded internet chip known as â€Å"the feed†. Within this novel, Anderson mainly tackles on the negative aspects of advancing technology. The development of technology has indeed led to the development of the society in various ways. This essay discusses the impact of technology on identity in a suburban adolescence context. Suburbanization is â€Å"a process by which cities expand peripherally, initially by out-migration of population and economic activity from dense urban cores, to less dense contiguous settlements.† (â€Å"Suburbanization†) Within the â€Å"Futurama† of Feed, highly advanced technologies such as the â€Å"Feed Net† and â€Å"upcar†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦show more content†¦(78) Indeed, the transportation developments in the novel make commute and logistics more efficient and convenient. These technological adva nces, however, produce negative impacts on society’s identities. They isolate people by allowing them to potentially travel further apart from each other. Isolation consequently produces less social interaction, where people are exposed to fewer chances expressing their identities to the society. People’s identity becomes a scarification of the more and more solid, yet more conservative line between private and public space. Meanwhile, in Feed, the aggressive progress in information technology is also a significant factor that contributes to identity isolation. As mentioned in part two of the novel, when Titus’ parents visits him at the hospital, a moment of awkwardness is invoked when he is trying to talk to his father in person: He stood there staring at me for a few seconds, and I was like, â€Å"What? What?† He seemed surprised, and then blinked. He said, â€Å"Oh. Shit. Yeah, I forgot. No m-chat. Just talking.† (55) It is surprising that not only the teenagers in the novel are addicted to the online chatting system, but also the adults. When required to talk in person, Titus’ father first â€Å"[seems] surprised†, indicating that he